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Dom4j也可以很方便完成XML文檔的創建、元素的修改、文檔的查詢遍歷等，但dom4j稍比jdom復雜一點，不過在大片文檔的情況下dom4j的性能要不jdom好。

# 準備

首先，提供相關的jar包

Dom4j jar包下載：

http://sourceforge.net/projects/dom4j/files/dom4j-2.0.0-ALPHA-2/

jaxen jar下載：

http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/jaxen/jaxen/1.1.1/jaxen-1.1.1.jar

和dom4j依賴或相關的jar：

http://dom4j.sourceforge.net/dependencies.html

Junit-jar下載：

http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/bundle/version/download?name=com.springsource.org.junit&version=4.8.1&type=binary

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其次，準備測試案例的部分代碼：

package com.hoo.test;

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import java.io.File;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Attribute;

import org.dom4j.Document;

import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;

import org.dom4j.Element;

import org.dom4j.Node;

import org.dom4j.QName;

import org.dom4j.dom.DOMAttribute;

import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import org.dom4j.tree.BaseElement;

import org.junit.After;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

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/**

* function: 使用Dom4j操作XML

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2011-8-5 下午06:15:40

* @file DocumentTest.java

* @package com.hoo.test

* @project Dom4jTest

* @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo

* @email hoojo_@126.com

* @version 1.0

*/

public class DocumentTest {

private SAXReader reader = null;

@Before

public void init() {

reader = new SAXReader();

}

@After

public void destory() {

reader = null;

System.gc();

}

public void fail(Object o) {

if (o != null)

System.out.println(o);

}

}

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# 創建一篇 XML 文檔

文檔格式如下：

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ? >

< catalog >



<? target instruction ? >

< journal title ="XML Zone" publisher ="IBM developerWorks" >

< article level ="Intermediate" date ="December-2001" >

< title > Java configuration with XML Schema </ title >

< author >

< firstname > Marcello </ firstname >

< lastname > Vitaletti </ lastname >

</ author >

</ article >

</ journal >

</ catalog >

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創建文檔代碼如下：

/**

* function:創建文檔

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2011-8-5 下午06:18:18

*/

@Test

public void createDocument() {

//創建一篇文檔

Document doc = DocumentHelper.createDocument();

//添加一個元素

Element root = doc.addElement( "catalog" );

//為root元素添加注釋

root.addComment( "An XML Catalog" );

//添加標記

root.addProcessingInstruction( "target" , "instruction" );

//創建元素

Element journalEl = new BaseElement( "journal" );

//添加屬性

journalEl.addAttribute( "title" , "XML Zone" );

journalEl.addAttribute( "publisher" , "IBM developerWorks" );

root.add(journalEl);

//添加元素

Element articleEl = journalEl.addElement( "article" );

articleEl.addAttribute( "level" , "Intermediate" );

articleEl.addAttribute( "date" , "December-2001" );

Element titleEl = articleEl.addElement( "title" );

//設置文本內容

titleEl.setText( "Java configuration with XML Schema" );

//titleEl.addText("Java configuration with XML Schema");

Element authorEl = articleEl.addElement( "author" );

authorEl.addElement( "firstname" ).setText( "Marcello" );

authorEl.addElement( "lastname" ).addText( "Vitaletti" );

//可以使用 addDocType() 方法添加文檔類型說明。

doc.addDocType( "catalog" , null, "file://c:/Dtds/catalog.dtd" );

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fail(doc.getRootElement().getName());

//將xml轉換成文本

fail(doc.asXML());

//寫入到文件

/*XMLWriter output;

try {

output = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(new File("file/catalog.xml")));

output.write(doc);

output.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}*/

}

* DocumentHelper是一個文檔助手類（工具類），它可以完成文檔、元素、文本、屬性、注釋、CDATA、Namespace、XPath的創建，以及利用XPath完成文檔的遍歷和將文本轉換成Document；

parseText完成將xml字符串轉換成Doc的功能

Document doc = DocumentHelper.parseText( "<root></root>" );

createDocument創建一個文檔

Document doc = DocumentHelper.createDocument();

如果帶參數就會創建一個帶有根元素的文檔

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createElement創建一個元素

Element el = DocumentHelper.createElement( "el" );

* Document的addElement方法可以給當前文檔添加一個子元素

Element root = doc.addElement( "catalog" );

* addComment方法可以添加一段注釋

root.addComment( "An XML Catalog" );

為root元素添加一段注釋

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* addProcessingInstruction添加一個標記

root.addProcessingInstruction( "target" , "instruction" );

為root元素添加一個標記

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* new BaseElement可以創建一個元素

Element journalEl = new BaseElement( "journal" );

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* addAttribute添加屬性

journalEl.addAttribute( "title" , "XML Zone" );

* add添加一個元素

root.add(journalEl);

將journalEl元素添加到root元素中

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* addElement添加一個元素，并返回當前元素

Element articleEl = journalEl.addElement( "article" );

給journalEl元素添加一個子元素article

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* setText、addText可以設置元素的文本

authorEl.addElement( "firstname" ).setText( "Marcello" );
authorEl.addElement( "lastname" ).addText( "Vitaletti" );

* addDocType可以設置文檔的DOCTYPE

doc.addDocType( "catalog" , null,file://c:/Dtds/catalog.dtd);

* asXML可以將文檔或元素轉換成一段xml字符串

doc.asXML();
root.asXML();

* XMLWriter類可以把文檔寫入到文件中

output = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File( "file/catalog.xml" )));
output.write(doc);
output.close();

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# 修改 XML 文檔內容

/**

* function: 修改XML內容

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2011-8-9 下午03:37:04

*/

@SuppressWarnings( "unchecked" )

@Test

public void modifyDoc() {

try {

Document doc = reader.read( new File( "file/catalog.xml" ));

//修改屬性內容

List list = doc.selectNodes( "http://article/@level" );

Iterator<Attribute> iter = list.iterator();

while (iter.hasNext()) {

Attribute attr = iter.next();

fail(attr.getName() + "#" + attr.getValue() + "#" + attr.getText());

if ( "Intermediate" .equals(attr.getValue())) {

//修改屬性值

attr.setValue( "Introductory" );

fail(attr.getName() + "#" + attr.getValue() + "#" + attr.getText());

}

}

list = doc.selectNodes( "http://article/@date" );

iter = list.iterator();

while (iter.hasNext()) {

Attribute attr = iter.next();

fail(attr.getName() + "#" + attr.getValue() + "#" + attr.getText());

if ( "December-2001" .equals(attr.getValue())) {

//修改屬性值

attr.setValue( "December-2011" );

fail(attr.getName() + "#" + attr.getValue() + "#" + attr.getText());

}

}

//修改節點內容

list = doc.selectNodes( "http://article" );

Iterator<Element> it = list.iterator();

while (it.hasNext()) {

Element el = it.next();

fail(el.getName() + "#" + el.getText() + "#" + el.getStringValue());

//修改title元素

Iterator<Element> elIter = el.elementIterator( "title" );

while (elIter.hasNext()) {

Element titleEl = elIter.next();

fail(titleEl.getName() + "#" + titleEl.getText() + "#" + titleEl.getStringValue());

if ( "Java configuration with XML Schema" .equals(titleEl.getTextTrim())) {

//修改元素文本值

titleEl.setText( "Modify the Java configuration with XML Schema" );

fail(titleEl.getName() + "#" + titleEl.getText() + "#" + titleEl.getStringValue());

}

}

}

//修改節點子元素內容

list = doc.selectNodes( "http://article/author" );

it = list.iterator();

while (it.hasNext()) {

Element el = it.next();

fail(el.getName() + "#" + el.getText() + "#" + el.getStringValue());

List<Element> childs = el.elements();

for (Element e : childs) {

fail(e.getName() + "#" + e.getText() + "#" + e.getStringValue());

if ( "Marcello" .equals(e.getTextTrim())) {

e.setText( "Ayesha" );

} else if ( "Vitaletti" .equals(e.getTextTrim())) {

e.setText( "Malik" );

}

fail(e.getName() + "#" + e.getText() + "#" + e.getStringValue());

}

}

//寫入到文件

/*XMLWriter output = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(new File("file/catalog-modified.xml")));

output.write(doc);

output.close();*/

} catch (DocumentException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

* reader.read( new File("file/catalog.xml"));讀取指定xml文件內容到文檔中；

* selectNodes是XPath的查詢方法，完成xml文檔的查詢，傳遞xpath路徑。其使用方法可以參考jdom的xpath的使用方法：

???? http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/08/11/2134638.html

* getName獲取元素標簽名稱、getValue、getText獲取值、文本內容；

* elementIterator("title");獲取當前節點下所有的title元素，返回Iterator；

* elements獲取下面所有的子元素，返回的是一個集合List；

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# 顯示文檔相關信息

private String format( int i) {

String temp = "" ;

while (i > 0) {

temp += "--" ;

i--;

}

return temp;

}

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/**

* function:遞歸顯示文檔內容

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2011-8-9 下午03:43:45

* @param i

* @param els

*/

private void print( int i, List<Element> els) {

i++;

for (Element el : els) {

fail(format(i) + "##" + el.getName() + "#" + el.getTextTrim());

if (el.hasContent()) {

print(i, el.elements());

}

}

}

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/**

* function:顯示文檔相關信息

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2011-8-9 下午03:44:10

*/

@Test

public void printInfo() {

try {

Document doc = reader.read( new File( "file/catalog.xml" ));

fail( "asXML: " + doc.asXML());

fail(doc.asXPathResult( new BaseElement( "article" )));

List<Node> list = doc.content();

for (Node node : list) {

fail( "Node: " + node.getName() + "#" + node.getText() + "#" + node.getStringValue());

}

fail( "-----------------------------" );

print(0, doc.getRootElement().elements());

fail( "getDocType: " + doc.getDocType());

fail( "getNodeTypeName: " + doc.getNodeTypeName());

fail( "getPath: " + doc.getRootElement().getPath());

fail( "getPath: " + doc.getRootElement().getPath( new BaseElement( "journal" )));

fail( "getUniquePath: " + doc.getRootElement().getUniquePath());

fail( "getXMLEncoding: " + doc.getXMLEncoding());

fail( "hasContent: " + doc.hasContent());

fail( "isReadOnly: " + doc.isReadOnly());

fail( "nodeCount: " + doc.nodeCount());

fail( "supportsParent: " + doc.supportsParent());

} catch (DocumentException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

fail( "getEncoding: " + reader.getEncoding());

fail( "isIgnoreComments: " + reader.isIgnoreComments());

fail( "isMergeAdjacentText: " + reader.isMergeAdjacentText());

fail( "isStringInternEnabled: " + reader.isStringInternEnabled());

fail( "isStripWhitespaceText: " + reader.isStripWhitespaceText());

fail( "isValidating: " + reader.isValidating());

}

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# 刪除文檔內容

/**

* function: 刪除節點內容

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2011-8-9 下午03:47:44

*/

@Test

public void removeNode() {

try {

Document doc = reader.read( new File( "file/catalog-modified.xml" ));

fail( "comment: " + doc.selectSingleNode( "http://comment()" ));

//刪除注釋

doc.getRootElement().remove(doc.selectSingleNode( "http://comment()" ));

Element node = (Element) doc.selectSingleNode( "http://article" );

//刪除屬性

node.remove( new DOMAttribute(QName.get( "level" ), "Introductory" ));

//刪除元素節點

node.remove(doc.selectSingleNode( "http://title" ));

//只能刪除下一級節點，不能超過一級；（需要在父元素的節點上刪除子元素）

Node lastNameNode = node.selectSingleNode( "http://lastname" );

lastNameNode.getParent().remove(lastNameNode);

fail( "Text: " + doc.selectObject( "http://*[text()='Ayesha']" ));

Element firstNameEl = (Element)doc.selectObject( "http://firstname" );

fail( "Text: " + firstNameEl.selectSingleNode( "text()" ));

//刪除text文本

//firstNameEl.remove(firstNameEl.selectSingleNode("text()"));

//firstNameEl.remove(doc.selectSingleNode("http://firstname/text()"));

firstNameEl.remove(doc.selectSingleNode( "http://*[text()='Ayesha']/text()" ));

//刪除子元素author

//node.remove(node.selectSingleNode("http://author"));

fail(doc.asXML());

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

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* 刪除注釋

doc.getRootElement().remove(doc.selectSingleNode( "http://comment()" ));

刪除root元素下面的注釋

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* 刪除屬性

node.remove( new DOMAttribute(QName.get( "level" ), "Introductory" ));

刪除node節點中的名稱為level，其值為Introductory的屬性

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* 刪除元素

node.remove(doc.selectSingleNode( "http://title" ));

刪除node節點下的title元素

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* 刪除文本

firstNameEl.remove(firstNameEl.selectSingleNode( "text()" ));
firstNameEl.remove(doc.selectSingleNode( "http://firstname/text()" ));
firstNameEl.remove(doc.selectSingleNode( "http://*[text()='Ayesha']/text()" ));

刪除firstNameEl的文本內容

使用Dom4j操作XML

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