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今天用 pip 安裝軟件包，死活安裝不上，出現如下錯誤：

          
            Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('
            
              : Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known')': /packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('
              
                : Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known')': /packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('
                
                  : Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known')': /packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('
                  
                    : Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known')': /packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('
                    
                      : Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known')': /packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (Caused by NewConnectionError('
                      
                        : Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known'))


                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        

還以為是特定軟件包的問題，很快發現升級pip也有問題。

網上找了一圈，把代理、vpn等都關了，問題依舊。仔細看錯誤的最后一行，看到有 files.pythonhosted.org 這個域名，心想難道這個域名掛了？

ping這個域名，竟然提示解析錯誤。于是登陸到境外的服務器上ping，解析正常。想到應該是dns解析問題，接著把dns換成了 1.1.1.1 和 8.8.8.8 ，再次安裝，問題順利解決。