我最近學(xué)習(xí)remoting和web服務(wù)時(shí),總是看到一個(gè)重要的字眼"序列化".
那什么是序列化呢?
以前我也模模糊糊.
?
為了搞清楚,請(qǐng)和我一起來序列化學(xué)習(xí)之旅吧.
?
讓我們先看看序列化的定義,以下是微軟的說明:
序列化可被定義為將對(duì)象的狀態(tài)存儲(chǔ)到存儲(chǔ)媒介中的過程。在此過程中，對(duì)象的公共字段和私有字段以及類的名稱（包括包含該類的程序集）都被轉(zhuǎn)換為字節(jié)流，然后寫入數(shù)據(jù)流。在以后反序列化該對(duì)象時(shí)，創(chuàng)建原始對(duì)象的精確復(fù)本
?
序列化一般用在2種地方:
1.將數(shù)據(jù)保持到存儲(chǔ)中
例如:我知道在Asp.Net Forums中有.Net中序列化和反序列化的應(yīng)用
在Forums中，有些內(nèi)容是不固定的，如用戶資料，除了一些基本資料，可能還要MSN、個(gè)人主頁、簽名等.我們一般是一個(gè)屬性對(duì)應(yīng)于表中的一個(gè)字段,要是以后我們?cè)黾右恍┬聦傩裕偷迷黾颖碜侄危€要修改存儲(chǔ)過程,這樣其不麻煩?
在Asp.Net Forums中把用戶資料序列化為2進(jìn)制，這樣用一個(gè)表字段就可以解決問題，并且擴(kuò)展性好。
?
2.通過值將對(duì)象從一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序域發(fā)送到另一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序域中
remoting和web服務(wù)就是典型的應(yīng)用
?
說多了沒用，讓我們來一段代碼吧
先定義一個(gè)類
?1
using
?System;
?2
?3
namespace
?SerializTest
?4
{
?5
????[Serializable]
?6
????
public
?
class
?Class2
?7
????
{
?8
????????
private
?
string
?name;
?9
????????[NonSerialized]
10
????????
private
?
int
?account;
11
????????
12
????????
public
?Class2(
string
?name,
int
?account)
13
????????
{
14
????????????
this
.account
=
account;
15
????????????
this
.name
=
name;
16
????????}
17
18
????????
public
?
int
?Account
19
????????
{
20
????????????
get
21
????????????
{
22
????????????????
return
?account;
23
????????????}
24
????????}
25
26
????????
public
?
string
?Name
27
????????
{
28
????????????
get
29
????????????
{
30
????????????????
return
?name;
31
????????????}
32
????????}
33
????}
34
}
35
using
?System;
?2
?3
namespace
?SerializTest
?4
{
?5
????[Serializable]
?6
????
public
?
class
?Class2
?7
????
{
????
?8
????????
private
?
string
?name;
?9
????????[NonSerialized]
10
????????
private
?
int
?account;
11
????????
12
????????
public
?Class2(
string
?name,
int
?account)
13
????????
{
14
????????????
this
.account
=
account;
15
????????????
this
.name
=
name;
16
????????}
17
18
????????
public
?
int
?Account
19
????????
{
20
????????????
get
21
????????????
{
22
????????????????
return
?account;
23
????????????}
24
????????}
25
26
????????
public
?
string
?Name
27
????????
{
28
????????????
get
29
????????????
{
30
????????????????
return
?name;
31
????????????}
32
????????}
33
????}
34
}
35
序列化一個(gè)類的最簡(jiǎn)單的方式是使用Serializable屬性
當(dāng)然還可以通過在對(duì)象上實(shí)現(xiàn)ISerializable接口，自定義序列化
標(biāo)記了Serializable屬性的類,類里面的所有成員都將被序列化，私有的變量也在內(nèi)
當(dāng)然我們也可以有選擇的序列化類里面的字段
例如類里面的一些敏感數(shù)據(jù),我們可以不對(duì)其進(jìn)行序列化
通過用NonSerialized屬性標(biāo)記成員變量，可以防止它們被序列化
NonSerialized屬性只可以用在類的某個(gè)字段上
好了,再來一段俺喜歡的控制臺(tái)來看看到底是怎么回事
?1
using
?System;
?2
using
?System.IO;
?3
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization;
?4
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
?5
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
?6
?7
namespace
?SerializTest
?8
{
?9
????
class
?Class1
10
????
{
11
????????[STAThread]
12
????????
static
?
void
?Main(
string
[]?args)
13
????????
{
14
????????????
string
?fileName
=
"
MyFile.dat
"
;
15
????????????Class2?my
=
new
?Class2(
"
Serializ?TestSerializ
"
,
987
);?
16
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
初始化Class2類的一個(gè)實(shí)例my,my的賬號(hào)=987,my的名字=Serializ?TestSerializ
"
);
17
18
????????????
//
序列化過程開始，我們把Class2的實(shí)例二進(jìn)制序列化到文件MyFile.dat中
19
????????????IFormatter?formatter1
=
new
??BinaryFormatter();
20
????????????Stream?stream1?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Create,?FileAccess.Write,FileShare.None);
21
????????????formatter1.Serialize(stream1,my);
22
????????????stream1?.Close();
23
24
????????????
//
反序列化過程開始，我們把Class2的實(shí)例從文件MyFile.dat中取出來
25
????????????IFormatter?formatter?
=
?
new
?BinaryFormatter();
26
????????????Stream?stream?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Open,?FileAccess.Read,?FileShare.Read);
27
????????????Class2?c2?
=
?(Class2)?formatter.Deserialize(stream);
28
????????????stream.Close();
29
30
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
c2的名字=
"
+
?c2.Name?);
31
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
c2的賬號(hào)=
"
+
?c2.Account.ToString()?);
32
33
????????????Console.ReadLine();
34
????????}
35
????}
36
}
using
?System;
?2
using
?System.IO;
?3
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization;
?4
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
?5
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
?6
?7
namespace
?SerializTest
?8
{
?9
????
class
?Class1
10
????
{
11
????????[STAThread]
12
????????
static
?
void
?Main(
string
[]?args)
13
????????
{
14
????????????
string
?fileName
=
"
MyFile.dat
"
;
15
????????????Class2?my
=
new
?Class2(
"
Serializ?TestSerializ
"
,
987
);?
16
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
初始化Class2類的一個(gè)實(shí)例my,my的賬號(hào)=987,my的名字=Serializ?TestSerializ
"
);
17
18
????????????
//
序列化過程開始，我們把Class2的實(shí)例二進(jìn)制序列化到文件MyFile.dat中
19
????????????IFormatter?formatter1
=
new
??BinaryFormatter();
20
????????????Stream?stream1?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Create,?FileAccess.Write,FileShare.None);
21
????????????formatter1.Serialize(stream1,my);
22
????????????stream1?.Close();
23
24
????????????
//
反序列化過程開始，我們把Class2的實(shí)例從文件MyFile.dat中取出來
25
????????????IFormatter?formatter?
=
?
new
?BinaryFormatter();
26
????????????Stream?stream?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Open,?FileAccess.Read,?FileShare.Read);
27
????????????Class2?c2?
=
?(Class2)?formatter.Deserialize(stream);
28
????????????stream.Close();
29
30
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
c2的名字=
"
+
?c2.Name?);
31
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
c2的賬號(hào)=
"
+
?c2.Account.ToString()?);
32
33
????????????Console.ReadLine();
34
????????}
35
????}
36
}
我們可以看到由于類Class2的account字段運(yùn)用了NonSerialized屬性
反序列化后我們是看不到Class2類實(shí)例的賬號(hào),只能看到名字
讓我們?cè)倏匆欢?同時(shí)序列化多個(gè)對(duì)象的代碼
?1
using
?System;
?2
using
?System.IO;
?3
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization;
?4
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
?5
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
?6
?7
namespace
?SerializTest
?8
{
?9
????
class
?Class1
10
????
{
11
????????[STAThread]
12
????????
static
?
void
?Main(
string
[]?args)
13
????????
{
14
????????????
string
?fileName
=
"
MyFile.dat
"
;
15
????????????Class2[]?myClass
=
{
new
?Class2(
"
a
"
,
123
),
new
?Class2(
"
b
"
,
456
),
new
?Class2(
"
c
"
,
789
)}
;
16
17
????????????
//
序列化過程開始
18
????????????
//
我們把類的幾個(gè)實(shí)例序列化到一個(gè)文件中，這樣比起分別序列化可以節(jié)約空間
19
????????????IFormatter?formatter
=
new
?BinaryFormatter();
20
????????????Stream?stream?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Create,?FileAccess.Write,FileShare.None);
21
????????????
for
(
int
?i
=
0
;i
<
myClass.Length;i
++
)
22
????????????
{
23
????????????????formatter.Serialize(stream,myClass[i]);
24
????????????}
25
????????????stream.Close();
26
27
????????????
//
反序列化過程開始
28
????????????IFormatter?formatter11
=
new
??BinaryFormatter();
29
????????????Stream?fs?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Open,?FileAccess.Read,FileShare.Read);
30
????????????
long
?ii
=
?fs.Length;
31
????????????System.Collections.ArrayList?list
=
new
?System.Collections.ArrayList();
32
????????????
//
從文件中逐個(gè)讀出Class2的實(shí)例并反序列化
33
????????????
while
?(fs.Position
!=
fs.Length)
34
????????????
{
35
????????????????list.Add(formatter11.Deserialize(fs));
36
????????????}
37
????????????fs.Close();
38
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
反序列化結(jié)果：
"
);
39
????????????
foreach
(
object
?o?
in
?list)
40
????????????
{
41
????????????????Class2?class2
=
o?
as
?Class2;
42
????????????????
if
?(class2
!=
null
)
43
????????????????
{
44
????????????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
名字=
"
+
?class2.Name?);
45
????????????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
賬號(hào)=
"
+
?class2.Account.ToString());
46
????????????????}
47
????????????}
48
49
????????????Console.ReadLine();
50
????????}
51
????}
52
}
using
?System;
?2
using
?System.IO;
?3
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization;
?4
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
?5
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
?6
?7
namespace
?SerializTest
?8
{
?9
????
class
?Class1
10
????
{
11
????????[STAThread]
12
????????
static
?
void
?Main(
string
[]?args)
13
????????
{
14
????????????
string
?fileName
=
"
MyFile.dat
"
;
15
????????????Class2[]?myClass
=
{
new
?Class2(
"
a
"
,
123
),
new
?Class2(
"
b
"
,
456
),
new
?Class2(
"
c
"
,
789
)}
;
16
17
????????????
//
序列化過程開始
18
????????????
//
我們把類的幾個(gè)實(shí)例序列化到一個(gè)文件中，這樣比起分別序列化可以節(jié)約空間
19
????????????IFormatter?formatter
=
new
?BinaryFormatter();
20
????????????Stream?stream?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Create,?FileAccess.Write,FileShare.None);
21
????????????
for
(
int
?i
=
0
;i
<
myClass.Length;i
++
)
22
????????????
{
23
????????????????formatter.Serialize(stream,myClass[i]);
24
????????????}
25
????????????stream.Close();
26
27
????????????
//
反序列化過程開始
28
????????????IFormatter?formatter11
=
new
??BinaryFormatter();
29
????????????Stream?fs?
=
?
new
?FileStream(fileName,?FileMode.Open,?FileAccess.Read,FileShare.Read);
30
????????????
long
?ii
=
?fs.Length;
31
????????????System.Collections.ArrayList?list
=
new
?System.Collections.ArrayList();
32
????????????
//
從文件中逐個(gè)讀出Class2的實(shí)例并反序列化
33
????????????
while
?(fs.Position
!=
fs.Length)
34
????????????
{
35
????????????????list.Add(formatter11.Deserialize(fs));
36
????????????}
37
????????????fs.Close();
38
????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
反序列化結(jié)果：
"
);
39
????????????
foreach
(
object
?o?
in
?list)
40
????????????
{
41
????????????????Class2?class2
=
o?
as
?Class2;
42
????????????????
if
?(class2
!=
null
)
43
????????????????
{
44
????????????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
名字=
"
+
?class2.Name?);
45
????????????????????Console.WriteLine(
"
賬號(hào)=
"
+
?class2.Account.ToString());
46
????????????????}
47
????????????}
48
49
????????????Console.ReadLine();
50
????????}
51
????}
52
}
其實(shí)數(shù)組也是可以序列化的類
那么我們可以把上面的代碼做些簡(jiǎn)化
?1
using
?System;
?2
using
?System.IO;
?3
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization;
?4
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
?5
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
?6
?7
namespace
?SerializTest
?8
{
?9
????
class
?Class1
10
????
{
11
????????[STAThread]
12
????????
static
?
void
?Main(
string
[]?args)
13
????????
{
14
???????????
using
?System;
?2
using
?System.IO;
?3
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization;
?4
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
?5
using
?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
?6
?7
namespace
?SerializTest
?8
{
?9
????
class
?Class1
10
????
{
11
????????[STAThread]
12
????????
static
?
void
?Main(
string
[]?args)
13
????????
{
14
???????????
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